Perpetual calendar



SePf- 11V,- 1951 T. F. PETERSON, JR 2,567,395

PERPETUAL CALENDAR Filed Dec. 6, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG.` FIG. 2

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K (red) ATTDRNEY Patented Sept. ll, 1951 Thomas F. Peterson, Jr., Shaker Heights, Ohio Application December 6, 1948, Serial No. 63,710

3 Claims.

This invention relates to calendars and more specifically to those calendars commonly called perpetual which are composed of several elements, one of which carries the number data arranged in seriatim repetitively in coordinates Of seven, and another of which carries Week day designations, which elements may be mutually adjusted to represent the week day name and number relationship for any preselected month. -1'- Ordinarily, devices of this kind are limited to the number table and the week day designating niask for the number table. which may be adjisted relative to each other without provision being made for the representation of the month to which any particular position of association may pertain in a coordinated manner. If de- Vices of this kind do provide for the `display of a -lii'lticular month, this display is independently operated with respect to the other elements, and is not coordinated therewith to reveal the correct setting of the several elements in presenting the numbers to the days lof the Week in correct relation for that mont Thus, whether the month is actually displayed or not, there has not been heretofore any means for determining whether or not a calendar, once properly set, has got out of adjustment for the intended month, and, thus, it frequently occurs that the calendar misvrepresents the date which should apply at the time of use.

Proposals have been made to prevent this type of error from arising, but by virtue of the varip ables between inonths wherein some have a greater number of days than the others, it has not heretofore been feasible torcorrelate these factors in a useful way without making the device unduly complicated. To the variables of the number of days in a month in relation tothe days in aweek there is added another variable in perpetual calendars which extends over a period of years. This variable is concerned with the fact that every fourth year is a leap year, presenting one more calendar day than is the case in the regular intervening years. Thus, whereas 1947 was a regular year presenting 365 days inthe ordinary calendar cycle, the current year is leap year and presents 366 days with relation to which the normal sequence from year to year is disarr ranged.

The calendar of the present invention, in addikind. further provides that themonth of application to affording the usual functions of presenting tion be revealed when the correct number and week day designation association is realized,'and that the variables attendant upon the, days of the month for both regular years and leap years are automatically compensated for,` requiring that the calendar be arranged only once at the commencement of a year. Thereafter, thecalendar may be operated continuously through the year by the expediency of adjusting the masking'element (which usually bears the Week day designations) to present the month name inA a. viewing aperture, by whichadjustment the proper correlation between the week day designations'and the date numbers is automatically effected for the month shown.

Specifically, the invention contemplates an elemental surface containing number data arranged in seriatim repetitively in coordinates of seven, and another separate elemental surface for association withv the number data element-upon which month names or designations are displayed. One of these two elements, preferably the number data element, carries a datum line, or reference point, for use vwith the yearly indicia carried upon the other element. This latter datum' line, or reference point, is associated with the month January as amatter of convenience, since the calendar. year starts with that'month, although it is `not lpreclusive in y,practicingthe invention that this association be elected With any other month of theV year as best suits kthe convenience 'of the user; e. g., on' calendars especially concerned'with scal years, this reference point may be associated with July, or any other month Within the contemplation ofthe user. For theyear'in question, by bringing the datum line, or reference point, of the `one -element into registration with the yearly `indicia for the year in question of the other element, a proper association is effected so that when the calendar is viewed` through a masking device containing Week day designations in association With apertures through which 'the number data and the monthly designations may be viewed, While masking all other inapplicable portions, the correct calendar for the month is obtained. By moving thelm'asking device with relation to the successive months of the' year in question. the proper correlation between number dates and week day names is successively obtained throughout the 'year without further adjustment'ofV the elements. It is further contemplated that monthby groupings for regular years and monthly groupingfor leap years be provided for inter- 5 changeable`use-with the number data element The invention is specically illustrated in the accompanying specification and drawings; in

which like characters of referencre'fertozflike parts throughout. In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevational view of vone einbodimentiofthe invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical midsectional elevational view taken along line the direction of ther-arrows.

:Si Figures iflfl'a'ndfifeprese ft monthnamegroupings`lcarriedr`onfba'iids 'forfregulanyears andleap 1 earsrrespectively.

datori-element' carryingfthe` numbers seriatim `ly?` indicia withfiwhich f4? are adapted to ndlwhichialso fearries .yea thei elements? ofllavg-ures. 13: and' be associated.

Figure iisiahfragmentary 'elevatibnalvvew of i vention i il'igures1-17to herenafterl'appear.

Although it is not intendedxtoiliniit'thefinvenion:tofanyicveralliishapeiorzfornmsirfee its priniples sar-e" equall'jfapplicablesto. flatfgplanan @types fcalendars, oritoerotatoi'ly: disc types appearedk asone coxvenientand[acceptable,form whicha haslbeenf:adopted:A therein forrpurposes of H-sicon'sidieration'sc anti-upcrrth'ei use' of. the'aelementsfo rFigures: 3, 4 and/l5 are' herein ='more '.part'rcularlyaddressed to thedo'rms shownin 'Figuresriliand4),:n sotr as'to-fgive effect ito': the'L cylitidricaIe-embodiments vshown in that-'ithese"y are limitations ofc norm: rathewthan of mstancegf andiany. rdesiredrshape and'r'orm of calendar e inwhichf theA principles' off-pthisf-nven tion' arci-applicable' areiwithin thefconte'mplations 'apprehended'infandfby theu appendedelaims.

Referring 1 movil-amoreparticularlyl :to thedrawings-fifthe'finvention .as illustrated `gisNk assembled upon` ase' Ill'withfwhielrr.is-associated iii-'rigidly 'afxedzrelationiipstandngz .whiclr'im'ay :beiftted witheawrownrorl-cap- I--2 to vpresent:a',iinishedsappearance tothe1 calendar, or Y ori the purpose-'zoffafordingfa-closureeirr theemodimentsfwhereirr; thefwalls fIIz'arechollovv.v for he 'receptionf ofc'ontents such as cigarettes memo eaves;.; etc :vThis incidental to? thel invention, .slncevthefupstandingfwalls H :mayrfrepresent sur- ,miraceieareas toffaf-:solidt'cylinder if `ithis :formj fis-pre- .cseE-erred.

:icircumlacentfw thefwalls;

lement i3 which contains.V number-adatta arangedin:seriatimfrepetitively Pin coordinates of even;asianpearsfspecifcallyV in :Figure 5;1 -EI-nthe e embodimentfof Figures l` ,and,2-,: this number-data adaptedetoz-slide over-:and snugly Yiitztlie'wall II er the basefilU'witleirespecttofwhicheitqmay, or may notpha-vxrelativii movement.

`effect the proper 2-2 of Figure blocking in 11f;linclusivle;L `showfvariousi modl cationscofcentari parts'f of the invention-asf will f ".-ofi calendarsgloritoi cylindricalv exi"rbodirrientsI the last. has Y `of the invention? theiscope'andispir-itvonwhich is `cylindricalwalls II,

I Iris afriumberzi-data ",element;I31-isconstitutectias-an'open endedsleeve 4 Arranged concentrically with respect to the number data element I3, a smaller sleeve or band I4 of the same diameter is adapted to rest in adinstable coaxial relation to the element I3. It

should be noted here that it is not essential whether the element I4 be above the element I3 as shown in the drawings, or whether it be below,

in so far as the operation of the device is concerned. In either case these elements I4 carry filo fthe'menth name g'rojupings asshovvn in Figures `3` and 4 for regulanand" leap years' respectively. Alternatively, the element I4 may assume the forms shown in either Figure 8 or Figure 9, as :':a'endless sleeves or bands, or as essentially ilat 15 planar elements as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

":Nframir'i'g'andmasking element I5 is arranged ..rooncentrically..with respect to elements I3 and I4, and is of sufficientlylarger internal diameter lflasi'tocover both of these elements as appears in Figures l and 2. Tle masking element I5 is proevideclvvfitl'i'fan"aperture` I 6; and arr-aperture I 1 for revealing toe view.l the .e numberl fzdata'lftbulation element t3 and the; month names groupingsfo'i the .elementM ,.respectively:r Although -two :apertures ,A are shown thel -drawingsp aasingleaperture of .-selective-=formmay .beradopted for thisspui'pose. 1 zw'fIIherelationship or th-eaperturesil andzI'I-.sc the underlyingmdata; are-slf1owninabroken` lines in V.Figures 5fand- 4a respectively. f r '1 It will be understood from the desenibedi arlmanagement otwpartsithattheielements PIG-,d4 and el5.arereach relatively moveable withfi-respect to the others-,nso that any desired groupingofermmm .1.rbersemaybespresentedzthro-ughv-thefslargeviewing 35. I.aperture I 6 lof' vthe mask-ingf-elementfl fand' any .MP-month name -groupingimay lbe presented-,through the smallerlapertureell .of Vthery masking element .withoutfregard .to-.-the.associaticn of theftwo farma- .f n Iii-order .terseiect the.,.correct.correlation. be-

tweenf-any. particular. month .and-:the days/tof the weekethere is provided onfthe number datafele- .-frnentrliiasenisoi yearly-indicia LB withfaccom- ,elpanying/referenceory datumY .points A.I B, .forfuse in ..associationwlwithl-.corresponding reference or datum.poin'1;s...2ll on themonthgrounlements I4. These J lattervf ara preierably.,aligned ...Wittig` the r.....month..ofeJanuary for the .-purposesealreadydis- ..cussed,. although. anyotherrmore. convenient lreference .month .may.be.iadopted.- '.In thedrawings, since it is impossible to show differences inocolor, .yearlylindicia I8, demarking leap-yearshave been setforth mfparenthesiswasswill beseerilinEigure '.l 5.andv theapplicable ,datunrpoint 2.0 con the hleap 55... year -`month.. .groupings has..-.been...,.indicated in .W parenthesis as shown inEigure .lhislisto insure .that the iparenthetical- .yearsbeingJeap .years and the .parenthetical,datumpointo themdnthly groupings.' will he-11sed in.. association .withaeach 80. .othenfalthough ordinarily these differenceswiould :be set .forth in contrasting. colors direct the -iiser always to.. use-like.colors in effectiiigl the ...correct associationof parts.

Tos -insure -thatmonce the...13arts..havebeen brought.-into.the proper .relationship,. the.rela ...ationship'will not bedisturbed.,4 the confro1 iting edges vof VVthis .nurnbeizdata elenrxent rllaiid;k the month .names -element I`4- may `be providedlwith .....serrations 2l whichcog .together to. .p rleyeni'r'y accidental displacement Iof thepart`s`.""`.Thi`s rnay :conveniently be .effected by Vusing.riotvchl'es 22,

..- shown.inbrokenlines"of Figure 5;'witli adepend- .ing tongue Z3 shownlin broken lines'in Figure 4. .1 -which, -inJfa'ddition preventing. .the dis lacement between. these- .elements', -corresponds 'with the yearly indicia and i'ective as indicators Without regard to printed.

datum points to bek ei'v datum marks. VIi this form is to be adopted, the:

"remaining confronting edges of the elements I3lV 'and I4 may be smoothly cut.

As is indicated in Figures 3 and 4, separate bands I4 for the monthly grouping for the regular years and leap years may be employed for use in-` terchangeably with the number datum group I3.A While one is in use, the other may be placed away in safe keeping in the interior of the container shown in Figures l and 2, if this form be adopted.

' More conveniently, however, the month groupsy for leap years and regular years are preferably' associated in a single band which, if the dia-1 metric extent of the assembly is large enough,

- may take the form of an endless band shown in.

Figure 9, or'ifV a cylindrical assembly of smaller' Vdiameter is contemplated, may take the form.

shown in Figure 8, in which the top edge of onef group is contiguous with the top edge of the' other group, so as to present the month names of each in inverted relation to each other. By

lifting this device from association with the number data element I3, and by inverting it and re placing it in association with the latter, leap year' and regular years month groupings may be conveniently and expeditiously substituted for each. other. Obviously, in such case, the aperture IT of the mask element I5 will be so disposed as to display only the month/groupings of the year in question.

As an alternate arrangement, the elements I4 of Figures 3 and 4 may be arranged in endless association as shown in Figure 9, whereupon one half of the area is applicable to regular years and the other half is applicable to leap years, as shown in this figure. the band of Figure 9 with relation to the number data element I3 until the reference-or datumpoint 2Il,-and/or tongue 23 are brought into registration with the yearly indicia datum point I3 of the element I3 for the year in question (or Vwith the corresponding notch 22, if this form be Y adopted) correctly to set the calendar i'or use. By

dropping the masking element I5 in place, only the correct association of the underlying elements is had, and by turning this element until the cor- 'rect month appears in the aperture I1, the cal- .endar is correctly adjusted for that month. 'I'he days oi' the week, which are indicated above the large viewing aperture I6 on the element I5, will correctly register with, and correspond to, the number data viewed through that aperture from the underlying number data element I3.

In Figure "I, the several elements I3, I4 and I5 are made in the form of split rings and are of a resilient material, such as thin sheet metal, Celluloid, or other plastic embodiments. In this manner, the edges 24 of the elements I3 and I4 may be separated to vary their effective diameter in order that they may be snapped into position about any available cylindrical object as, for example, ink wells, cigarette boxes, pencils,

pens, etc., as well as pipes and structural colvert familiar objects into calendars. thus to in- It only remains to lift and turn accuses crease the utility of invention and to minimize its `cost.

, Y It will be observed that the month group designations shown in Figures 3 and 4 occur in seven groupings which arerepeatedin the same order until there are a suilicient number of groupings to correspond to the number of columns in the number table of element I3. This allows greater flexibility and lsimplifies bringing the calendar .into proper adjustment without regard to turning the masking element I5 intoodd positions with respect to the number table. Since the masking 'element carries the week day designations, and 'since Wednesday is the center weekl day, it is convenient, as a matter of basic construction, 'to align the month viewing aperture II on center with the designation for Wednesday. Then, even in the absence of `the yearly indicia and reference marks I3 and 20 between the two elements,- .it is possible. to use the calendar by setting the month grouping for January over the date of the first Wednesday for that calendar year. In the ab- Isence of a leap year month grouping element, it is possible to accommodate leap years by using the calendar as already described for January 'and February, and then on March 1 of leap year, 'the extra day having already been accounted for vas February 29, set the March month designavtion over the date of any Wednesday for that particular month. .Then the month of March is 'properly aligned, and the succeeding months will follow along correctly by adjusting themasking lelement. I5 inthe manner already described.

Itis-considered desirable, however, to provide :for the leap year month groupings separately in order that the chances for yerror on the part of the user may be essentially eliminated. The. same is true of providing the yearly indicia andrei-erence marks between the elements I3 and I4, since this eliminates the necessity for having a set calendar on hand to refer to, or any other recourse to the order of dates occurring throughout the year, for the purpose of initially setting the calendar. To use the calendar of the present invention, it is only necessary to know the year in question and to set the datum reference point 20 of the month grouping band I4 upon the yearly index I3 for that year, and turn the masking element I5 until the prevailing month appears in the aperture II. The calendar is then correctly established for that month and may, by turning the masking element to successive monthname positions, be relied upon as correctly showing the calendar for each succeeding month throughout the year.

In the modification of Figure 10, it will be seen that the relatively large number data element I3 is made of stock that is thicker than the element I4 which contains the month name groupings. This affords a clearance between the element I4 and the overlying framing and masking element I5 in order that the lighter mass of the former will not be accidentally displaced when the masking element I5 is turned into various positions incident to its use, A corresponding clearance is not necessary between the masking element I5 and the number element I3, since the latter presents a large area for frictional contact with the upstanding walls II of the base which it snugly engages. The frictional resistance between the walls II and the element I3 will be sufficient to cause the latter to remain in position irrespective of frictional engagement between the elements I3 and I5. h-owever, presenting as it does considerably less The month grouping element I4, 

